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IBS

Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea

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About IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a common condition that affects the large intestine. It’s defined by a mix of abdominal discomfort or pain and changes in your bowel habits, such as going to the bathroom more or less often than usual. These changes can include diarrhea or constipation, as well as a different kind of stool—for instance, one that's thin, hard, or watery.

Doctors used to refer to IBS by many names, including spastic colon, nervous colon, and mucous colitis. While these terms are still sometimes used, they are generally outdated. It's important to understand that even though IBS can be a difficult condition to live with, it is not life-threatening. It also doesn’t make you more likely to develop other serious colon conditions like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or colon cancer. However, the unpredictable and often chronic nature of IBS can significantly impact your daily life. The symptoms may cause you to miss work or school, and you might feel less able to participate in everyday activities. Some people find that their symptoms are so severe that they need to make major changes, like working from home, adjusting their hours, or even leaving their job altogether.

Peppermint
Verified Herb
Why it works: Smooth-muscle relaxation / antispasmodic effect. The main active component, menthol (L-menthol), relaxes intestinal smooth muscle — probably via calcium-channel blockade and/or eff...
Instructions: These points reflect the formulations and regimens used in clinical trials and in NHS/medicinal guidance:. • Formulation: use enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules (these are desi...
Warnings: May worsen or cause heartburn / reflux (GERD). Peppermint relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter — e...
Studies: Systematic reviews / meta-analysesAlimentary Pharmacology &a...
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Psyllium
Verified Fiber
Why it works: Normalises stool consistency by bulking and hydrating the stool. Psyllium is a viscous, soluble fibre that absorbs water in the gut to form a gel — it softens hard stools (helps IB...
Instructions: General principles. • Start low and titrate. To reduce initial gas/bloating, begin with a low dose for several days, then increase gradually to the target dose. Drink plenty of wat...
Warnings: Most common adverse effects. • Bloating, flatulence, abdominal discomfort are common when starting f...
Studies: BMJ randomised controlled trial — “Soluble or insoluble fibr...
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L-Theanine
Verified Supplement
Why it works: There is plausible, evidence-backed reason to try L-theanine as an adjunct for IBS because it reduces stress/anxiety and modulates the gut–brain axis, but there are no high-quality...
Instructions: These are pragmatic, evidence-informed suggestions that reflect doses used in human trials and product monographs — not formal clinical guidelines.. • Typical starting dose: 100–20...
Warnings: Not a replacement for medical care. Do not stop IBS prescription meds (antispasmodics, neuromodulato...
Studies: Lancet commentary — gut–brain neuromodulators for IBS — expl...
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Digestive Enzymes
Verified Supplement
Why it works: Digestive enzymes can aid individuals with IBS by:. • Addressing Food Intolerances: Some IBS symptoms arise from the body's inability to properly digest certain foods. Enzyme suppl...
Instructions: When considering digestive enzyme supplements for IBS: healthcareconsultantsusa.com. • Consult a Healthcare Professional: Before starting any supplement regimen, it's essential to...
Warnings: While generally considered safe, digestive enzyme supplements can have side effects:The IBS & Gut He...
Studies: While research on digestive enzymes for IBS is limited, some...
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Apple Pectin
Verified Fiber
Why it works: Soluble-fiber, gel-forming action (bulk + stool-firming). Pectin is a soluble fiber that absorbs water and forms a viscous gel in the gut. In IBS-D this can slow transit and firm s...
Instructions: A. Typical clinical dosing (what trials used). • The main randomized trial in IBS-D used 24 g pectin powder per day (divided doses) for 6 weeks and reported symptom improvement vs...
Warnings: Common adverse effects. • Gas, bloating, abdominal discomfort, and sometimes diarrhea or cramping —...
Studies: A. Randomized clinical trial in IBS-DXu L. et al., "Efficacy...
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Astragalus
Verified Herb
Why it works: Astragalus (usually Astragalus membranaceus, “Huang Qi”) has biologically plausible actions for IBS — immune-modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, protection/repair of the intesti...
Instructions: There is no single, universally accepted “IBS dosing protocol”. Practitioners use several forms and dose ranges depending on tradition, product and clinical context:. • Dried root...
Warnings: Astragalus is generally regarded as relatively safe for short-term use in many people, but there are...
Studies: Mostly preclinical mechanistic and animal work plus small cl...
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Melatonin
Verified Supplement
Why it works: High local gut levels & gut source: the gastrointestinal mucosa (enterochromaffin cells) makes a lot of melatonin — the gut is a major extra-pineal source — so melatonin acts local...
Instructions: These are trial-based regimens (what the evidence used), not universal clinical guidelines — talk to your clinician before starting.. Common trial regimens:. • 3 mg once nightly at...
Warnings: Common / relatively mild side effects. • Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, dizziness — particularly if ta...
Studies: Gut (2005) — Melatonin improves abdominal pain in IBS patien...
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Probiotics
Verified Supplement
Why it works: Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. In the context of IBS, probiotics may help by:. • Restoring Gut Mi...
Instructions: Strain Selection: Choose probiotic strains with evidence supporting their efficacy in IBS, such as Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, or Bifidobacterium...
Warnings: Potential Side Effects: Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloa...
Studies: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyse...
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Apple Cider Vinegar
Verified Remedy
Why it works: There’s no high-quality clinical evidence that apple cider vinegar (ACV) reliably treats IBS. Some biological mechanisms (acetic acid slowing gastric emptying, mild antimicrobial e...
Instructions: If you and your clinician decide to try ACV, use conservative, safe dosing and watch for side effects.. Common, cautious regimen used by clinicians and reputable sources:. • Start...
Warnings: ACV is acidic and biologically active — there are real safety concerns:. Important safety warnings....
Studies: There are no large randomized controlled trials showing ACV...
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Activated Charcoal
Verified Supplement
Why it works: Mechanism (how it works):. • Adsorption/physical trapping. Activated charcoal is extremely porous and adsorbs (binds to) gases, volatile compounds, and some bacterial metabolites i...
Instructions: Important: activated charcoal products vary in strength/formulation (capsules, tablets, powder). Below are regimens used in clinical work and common product directions — treat thes...
Warnings: Major safety points — read these before trying charcoal:. • Interferes with absorption of medication...
Studies: Randomized / controlled trials / primary researchJain NK, Pa...
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Flaxseed
Verified Supplement
Why it works: Ground (milled) flaxseed — not flaxseed oil —  has garnered attention as a potential aid in managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), particularly for individuals experiencing const...
Instructions: To incorporate flaxseed into your diet for IBS management: nutritionletter.tufts.edu. • Form: Use ground flaxseed, as whole seeds may pass through the digestive tract undigested.....
Warnings: While flaxseed is generally safe, some individuals may experience adverse effects:. • Gastrointestin...
Studies: Several studies have explored flaxseed's role in managing IB...
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Bromelain
Verified Supplement
Why it works: Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzymes from pineapple that has digestive and anti-inflammatory / immunomodulatory actions that could plausibly reduce IBS...
Instructions: Forms & potency. • Oral tablets/capsules are the usual form. Product potency is commonly expressed in GDU (gelatin-dissolving units) or other activity units (GDU, MCU, BTU, CDU). P...
Warnings: You must treat bromelain like an active bioactive drug — it’s not risk-free.. Major safety points. •...
Studies: Multiple reviews and several randomized trials support brome...
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