Menstrual cramps
Throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen
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About Menstrual cramps
Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are characterized by throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen. They are a common experience during menstruation, with some experiencing mild discomfort while others have more severe pain that interferes with daily activities. The pain typically occurs in the lower abdomen or pelvic area, and can also radiate to the lower back and legs.
Medical term: Dysmenorrhea
Cramp Bark (Guelder-rose)
Verified Herb
Why it works:
Antispasmodic constituents. Lab work has isolated viopudial (a monoterpene dialdehyde) from V. opulus bark; it relaxed barium-stimulated uterine smooth muscle in vitro and produced...
Instructions:
Tincture (1:5 in ~45% alcohol): commonly cited 5–10 mL up to three times daily during crampy days. (Secondary reference text summary.) ScienceDirect. Dispensary label example: up t...
Warnings:
Pregnancy & breastfeeding: Insufficient safety data—avoid unless advised by a qualified clinician. W...
Studies:
Homeopathic preparations: A registered trial and small repor...
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Dang Gui Shao Yao San
Verified Medicine
Why it works:
Antispasmodic effect on the uterus. A pharmaceutical-grade label for TJ-23 (the approved Japanese Kampo extract of this formula) reports that it reduces prostaglandin-F2α–induced u...
Instructions:
Standardized extract (Japan; TJ-23):. • Dose: Adults typically take 7.5 g/day of extract granules, divided 2–3 times daily, before or between meals. Dose may be adjusted to age, bo...
Warnings:
From the approved TJ-23 label (Tsumura):. • Use with caution in patients with very weak GI tracts or...
Studies:
Systematic review & meta-analysis (Maturitas, 2016): Fou...
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Xiao Yao San
Verified Medicine
Why it works:
Traditional (TCM) rationale. • XYS is used to “soothe Liver qi,” harmonize digestion, and nourish Blood—patterns often associated in TCM with cramping, breast distension, and mood...
Instructions:
Because XYS is a formula, doses vary by product and country. Two commonly referenced, regulated Kampo (Japanese) JWXYS products provide clear labeled instructions:. • Kami-shoyo-sa...
Warnings:
General side effects reported with XYS/JWXYS: headache, dizziness, fatigue, mild diarrhea. Memorial...
Studies:
For PMS / PMDD (often with cramps among symptoms)Randomized,...
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Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan
Verified Medicine
Why it works:
Traditional rationale & composition. GZFLW is a 5-herb formula (Gui Zhi/Cinnamomi ramulus, Fu Ling/Poria, Bai Shao/Paeonia, Mu Dan Pi/Moutan cortex, Tao Ren/Persica seed) used to “...
Instructions:
Common OTC capsule labeling (China; “Guizhi Fuling Capsule”). Typical directions on approved Chinese package inserts: 3 capsules, 3×/day, after meals; stop during menstruation; avo...
Warnings:
Pregnancy. Most modern labels list pregnancy as contraindicated (blood-invigorating formulas can inc...
Studies:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (primary...
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Ginger
Verified Herb
Why it works:
Menstrual cramps are driven largely by excess uterine prostaglandins → stronger contractions and ischemic pain. Ginger’s main actives (gingerols, shogaols) inhibit COX and LOX path...
Instructions:
Capsules / powder (most studied). • Dose: Total 750–2,000 mg/day of dried ginger powder during the first 3–4 days of the period. Regimens commonly used were 500 mg three times dail...
Warnings:
Bleeding risk / drug interactions: Ginger may increase bleeding risk, especially with anticoagulants...
Studies:
Randomized placebo-controlled RCT: 120 participants received...
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Chamomile
Verified Herb
Why it works:
Antispasmodic effects on smooth muscle (including uterus). Chamomile flavonoids—especially apigenin—relax smooth muscle through multiple pathways (e.g., K⁺ channel activation, mode...
Instructions:
1) Tea (simple, widely available). • Dose & schedule used in a controlled study: 2 cups daily starting 7 days before bleeding and continuing through the first 5 days of the period,...
Warnings:
Authoritative safety summaries emphasize that chamomile is generally safe in tea/food amounts, but t...
Studies:
Randomized, controlled tea study (n=80): Two cups/day from −...
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Fennel Tea
Herb
Why it works:
Antispasmodic action on smooth muscle. Fennel’s volatile-oil constituents—especially trans-anethole (plus fenchone/estragole)—are repeatedly described as spasmolytics that relax sm...
Instructions:
Tea preparation (EMA herbal-tea standard):. • Use ~1.5 g (about 1 heaped teaspoon) crushed fennel seeds per 250 mL boiling water.. • Steep 10–15 minutes, strain, and drink.. • Freq...
Warnings:
Pregnancy & breastfeeding / infants:. • Fennel seed contains estragole, a genotoxic/carcinogenic con...
Studies:
Systematic reviews / meta-analyses2020 Nutrients systematic...
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Cinnamon (Ceylon)
Verified Herb
Why it works:
Anti-inflammatory effects (↓ prostaglandins). Cinnamon’s key compound, cinnamaldehyde, reduces inflammatory signaling (e.g., COX-2 and PGE2) in cell models—mechanisms that are impl...
Instructions:
If you want to mirror what’s been studied, two small randomized, double-blind trials used these short-term, per-menses regimens:. • 3 g/day for the first 72 hours of bleeding, give...
Warnings:
Coumarin & liver risk: Cassia cinnamon can deliver enough coumarin to exceed the tolerable daily int...
Studies:
RCT vs ibuprofen & placebo (n≈114): Cinnamon reduced pai...
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